HTML Inhmelhriattirna

Computer atanga internet hmang thin i nih chuan browser i hawnin Website-te i tlawh kual thin ngei ang a. I thil hmuh leh chhiar thin te kha engtinnge i browser-ah khan a lo lan mai dan te, engtia rawn lang nge anih tih te leh eng thil chuan nge rawn tilang tih te i ngaihtuah ve ngai em?
Thuziak mawi tak tak te leh thlalak mawi tak tak te kha anmahni thua rawn lang ve mai chu an ni hauhlo a, i hmuhphak lovah khan, awlsam taka i hmuh leh chhiar theih mai tura i browser-a rawn phochhuah hna pawimawh tak mai thawktu a awm a, chu chu HTML kan tih hi a ni.

Kum 1990 khan Tim Berners-Lee chuan CERN-a (Centre Européen de Recherche Nucléaire), Geneva, Switzerland-a a thawh laiin HTML hi alo hmuchhuak daih tawh a. Amaherawhchu, kum 1991 ah khan mipui hman theih tura phochhuah ve chauh a ni. HTML hi software te, programming languange te, scripting language te, etc. ang bawkin tih(siam) changtlung chhoh ve zel a ni a. HTML Version ringawt pawh pariat lai a awm ve tawh a ni. HTML Version hrang hrang te chu HTML 1.0, HTML 2.0, HTML 3.0, HTML 3.2, HTML 4.0, HTML 4.01, XHTML 1.0, HTML 5 te an ni a. Tunah rih chuan HTML 5 hi a thar ber chu a ni e.

HTML chu enge a nih han en dawn teh ang.

HTML chu "Hypertext Markup Language" tihna a ni a. A hming(lampum) atang ringawt pawh hian HTML chu programming language a nilo tih a chiang em em mai a, mi tam tak chuan programming language angin sawi thin mahse programming language a nilo tih han chiang phawt teh ang. "Markup Language" tih a nih angin HTML chu browser-a thuziak, thlalak, etc. phochhuahnana kan document-a hmun awl kan siamna ti ila kan sawisual awm lo ve. I browser i hawna page rawn lang apiang kha HTML document pakhat zel a ni a. Chuti anih chuan HTML document chu "Web Page" kan tih hi alo ni reng mai a. Tichuan, HTML document tam tak inzawmkhawm hian "Website" a siam tihna a ni. HTML document ziak dan han en teh ang.
<html>
<head>
<title></title>
</head>
<body>
</body>
</html>
A chunga code kan tarlan khi HTML document structure a ni. I browser chhungah khan han right-click la, View Source tih kha han click leh ta la, chuan HTML code a rawn lang ang. I HTML code hmuhah kha chuan thil tam tak a awm ngei ang a, a chunga kan ziah nen khi chuan a inanglo viau ang. Amaherawhchu, a tir leh a tawp han ennawn leh la, kan code ziah nen khi chuan a inanna lai chu i hmu ngei ang. I code hmuh kha a danglamna chhan chu Website reng reng hian W3C(World Wide Web Consortium) standard an zawm a ngaih vang a ni. W3C standard ah chuan eng HTML document nge i ziah a, eng HTML language version nge i hman tih te, eng tawngin nge i ziah dawn tih te chipchiar takin i HTML document ah khan i sawifiah ve a ngaih vang a ni.Tunah rih chuan heng W3C standard kan tih hi lo ngaipawimawh lo ta phawt ila, kan HTML document structure neihsa khi sawifiah ta zawk ila.

A chunga code kan ziah tawhah khian code tlem han ziah belh leh teh ang.
Document Hming
<h1>Header tag lian ber chhungah ka awm.</h1>
Paragraph tag chhungah ka awm.

<img src="filepath ka ni e" alt="Thlalak a lan loh chuan ka lang ang" width="ka sei zawng" height="ka san zawng" />
<ul>
<li>Keichu Unordered List chhungah ka awm.</li>
<li>Keipawh Unordered List chhungah ka awm.</li>
</ul>
Ka chungchiahah line break a awm. br tag hnuaiah ka awm e.
<h2>Header tag lian ber dawttu chhungah ka awm.</h2>
<a href="kalna hmun tur">Hmun dang kalna</a>

<hr />
I text editor duh ber ah a chunga code hi copy/paste la, a extension ah ".html" hmangin i duh duh hming save la, i browser ah a result chu i hmu thei ang.

Programming language te leh scripting language te ho ina an function(hnathawh) theihna tura code hman tur bik an neih ang bawk hian HTML chuan code hman tur bik a nei ve a. Chu HTML code-a chu "HTML Markup Tags" kan tih chu a ni. HTML document ah chuan start(or opening) tag leh end( or closing) tag a awm a, a awmzia chu HTML tag i hawn apiang i khar leh tur a ni. Entirnan, <p> khi </p> hmangin a inkhar leh nghal a ni. HTML document i ziah reng rengin hemi tag <html>(start tag) tih leh </html>(end tag) inkarah hian HTML tags dang zawng zawng chu a awm ngei ngei tur a ni a, a pawnah a awm thiang lo a ni. HTML tags te hi HTML elements ti a sawi an ni bawk. A chunga code kan tarlana kan tags hman ho khi han sawifiah ila.

<html></html> :

HTML document kan ziah reng rengin <html> tih hian bul kan tan tur a ni a, he tag(<html>) hian browser hnenah chuan, "HTML document ka ni e", ava tihna a ni. Tichuan, HTML document kan ziah zawh hunah </html> hian kan khar leh tur a ni.

<head></head> :

HTML <head></head> tag chhungah hian i document information chi hrang hrang te leh document dang emaw, file dang, i document nena link-na code dahna hmun a ni.

Entirna:
<script src="link to javascript" type="text/javascript"><!--mce:0--></script>
Hei hian javascript file i document-a i hman tur ava link ang a, mahse i browser ah chuan a lang lo ang.

<title></title>:

HTML <title></title> hi <head></head> chhunga awm tur a ni a, he tags chhungah hian i document hming, browser-in a tihlan tura chu dah tur a ni. Entirnan: "The Page Name" tih hi han dah ta la, browser chuan I document hming chu "The Page Name" a ni tih a hrethei mai dawn a ni. <head></head> tag chhunga tag awm ho zingah chuan <title></title> tag chhunga ziak chauh hi browser ah hmuhtheihin a lo lang ang. I browser-ah khan alo lanna tur chu a chunglama 'Close' button awmna zawnah emaw, I browser-in tabs a support chuan tabs ah khan a rawn lang ang.

<body></body> :

HTML <body></body> inkarah hian i Webpage-a lang tura i duh ho zawng zawng te kha i dah thung ang. <h1>, <p> , <img>, <ul>, <hr>, etc. te khi <body> tag chhunga kan dah avang chauhin i browser ah khan a hmuh theih a ni.

<h1></h1> :

<h1> hi HTML header tags paruk (H1, H2, H3, H4, H5, H6) zinga a hmasa ber, a pawimawh ber leh header tags browser-a rawn lang zingah a text-size lian ber a ni a, Web page hmingah, search engine-in(google search te, bing te etc.) a rawn hmuh theihna tur atan, an hmang tlangpui thin. Header tag chhunga thu i ziah kha i page header emaw, block header tihna a ni. <h2></h2> tags pawh <h1> tag nen a sawifiahna chu inang deuh chiah, <h1> nau chiah tihna a ni ber e.

<p></p> :

Hei hi chu Paragraph tihna mai a ni a, HTML document ah khan thuziak sei tak thun lut tala, paragraph-ah te then duh ta la, i then duh china kha he tag hian i khualkhung mai dawn a ni.

<img />, <a></a>, <script></script> :

Thuziak lampang kan sawi nasa tawh bawk a, thlalak lam han sawi ve thung teh ang. Browser-ah thlalak kan tihlan duh chuan kan HTML document ah khan he <img> tag hmang hian ka dahlut thei a ni. <img> tag hian closing tag(end tag) a nei ve lova, <br> te, <hr> te nen hian "Self-closing tags" tih an ni.

<img> bawk chu han sawi leh lawk ila. Kan code ziah atang khian tags chu ka hre tawh a, mahse <img>, <a> leh <script> chhunga thildang rawn awm khi kan hmu ngeiin a rinawm. HTML tags reng reng chhunga thumal awm te khi a awmna tag tan khian "Attribute" an ni. Attribute chuan a awmna HTML tag tan khan "name" leh "value" a nei zel a, tichuan attribute name leh attribute value tangkawp chuan kha HTML tag hman turin information tangkai dang a pe chhuak a ni. <img> leh <script> tag chhungah attribute name "src" khi "source" tihna mai a ni a, <img> tan thlalak awmna hmun (image path) kha dah mai tur a ni a. "alt" attribute khi chu i thlalak link te kha lo diklo palh ta se, thlalak kha a lang thei dawn lo a, chumi aia text rawn lang mai tur kha a ni. "width" leh "height" te khi chu an hming ang ang khi a nihna chu a ni mai a, browser-a alan huna a size tur i set-na mai a ni.
<img src="C:thlalak.jpg" alt="Thlalak" width="200" height="200" />
<script> tan chuan "src" chhungah khian javascript file awmna hmuna (filepath) kha dah mai tur a ni a, "type" attribute khi chuan i file va link tur MIME type kha a hrilhfiah a ni. MIME (Multi-purpose Internet Mail Extensions) type awmzia chu file chhunga content awm va identify-na tihna mai a ni. Entirnan:
<script src="path_to_js/file.js" type="text/javascript"></script>
HTML document ah chuan he <a> tag hi a lar ber pawl a ni awm e. <a> tag hi chuan i Web Page ah khan click theih turin link a rawn chhawpchhuak a ni. He tag <a> hmandan tur chu <a href="value">Click Me</a> hi a ni mai a. "href" tih hi a attribute name a ni a, a value ah chuan i link duh tur 'filepath' kha dah mai tur a ni.

Entirnan: Tuna kan code ziah lai hi file-a i Save a nih chuan, a bulah file dang han siam leh la, a hming chu engpawh(file_thar.html) lo nita se. Tihian i file siamthar chu i va link ang.
<a href="file_thar.html">File thar ah kal ang</a>

<ul></ul> :

HTML document ah chuan thuziak list anga i lan tir duh chuan <ul><li></li></ul> chhung hian han dah la, list angin a lo awm mai dawn a ni. <ul> hi unordered list tihna a ni a, Microsoft Word te i hmang thin a nih chuan a list style ah Bullets a rawn hmang ang. <ul> ang bawkin <ol> a awm leh a. Chumi chu ordered list tihna a ni ve leh mai a. He ordered list ah ve thung chuan i list a kha list number a rawn pe ve thung ang. I enchhin duh a nih chuan kan example pek a <ul> tih lai leh </ul> te khi <ol> leh </ol> in han thlakthleng la a chiang viau awm e.

<br> :

Microsoft Word te, Pagemaker-ah te chuan i keyboard a "Enter" key i hmeh khan line tharah i kal mai thin a, mahse HTML document ah chuan "Enter" key i hmeh khan awmzia vak a nei dawn lo a, chumi a nih avang chuan i document-a line-spacing siam nan <br>(line-break) tag hi hman thin a ni.

<hr> :

A lampum chu horizontal rule a ni a, HTML document ah straight line siam nan hman thin a ni. He tag i hman apiangin line tharah straight line a rawn lang ang.

A chunga HTML tags(elements) kan sawifiah bakah khian a dang tamtak ala awm teuh a, mahse tuna kan sawitheih chin atan chuan tlem kan tarlante khi tawk rih phawt ta sela. He article i chhiar atang hian hlawkna engemaw tal i hmuh ngei ka beiseiin duhsakna ka hlan a che.
Computer atanga internet hmang thin i nih chuan browser i hawnin Website-te i tlawh kual thin ngei ang a. I thil hmuh leh chhiar thin te kha engtinnge i browser-ah khan a lo lan mai dan te, engtia rawn lang nge anih tih te leh eng thil chuan nge rawn tilang tih te i ngaihtuah ve ngai em?
Thuziak mawi tak tak te leh thlalak mawi tak tak te kha anmahni thua rawn lang ve mai chu an ni hauhlo a, i hmuhphak lovah khan, awlsam taka i hmuh leh chhiar theih mai tura i browser-a rawn phochhuah hna pawimawh tak mai thawktu a awm a, chu chu HTML kan tih hi a ni.

Kum 1990 khan Tim Berners-Lee chuan CERN-a (Centre Européen de Recherche Nucléaire), Geneva, Switzerland-a a thawh laiin HTML hi alo hmuchhuak daih tawh a. Amaherawhchu, kum 1991 ah khan mipui hman theih tura phochhuah ve chauh a ni. HTML hi software te, programming languange te, scripting language te, etc. ang bawkin tih(siam) changtlung chhoh ve zel a ni a. HTML Version ringawt pawh pariat lai a awm ve tawh a ni. HTML Version hrang hrang te chu HTML 1.0, HTML 2.0, HTML 3.0, HTML 3.2, HTML 4.0, HTML 4.01, XHTML 1.0, HTML 5 te an ni a. Tunah rih chuan HTML 5 hi a thar ber chu a ni e.

HTML chu enge a nih han en dawn teh ang.

HTML chu "Hypertext Markup Language" tihna a ni a. A hming(lampum) atang ringawt pawh hian HTML chu programming language a nilo tih a chiang em em mai a, mi tam tak chuan programming language angin sawi thin mahse programming language a nilo tih han chiang phawt teh ang. "Markup Language" tih a nih angin HTML chu browser-a thuziak, thlalak, etc. phochhuahnana kan document-a hmun awl kan siamna ti ila kan sawisual awm lo ve. I browser i hawna page rawn lang apiang kha HTML document pakhat zel a ni a. Chuti anih chuan HTML document chu "Web Page" kan tih hi alo ni reng mai a. Tichuan, HTML document tam tak inzawmkhawm hian "Website" a siam tihna a ni. HTML document ziak dan han en teh ang.
<html>
<head>
<title></title>
</head>
<body>
</body>
</html>
A chunga code kan tarlan khi HTML document structure a ni. I browser chhungah khan han right-click la, View Source tih kha han click leh ta la, chuan HTML code a rawn lang ang. I HTML code hmuhah kha chuan thil tam tak a awm ngei ang a, a chunga kan ziah nen khi chuan a inanglo viau ang. Amaherawhchu, a tir leh a tawp han ennawn leh la, kan code ziah nen khi chuan a inanna lai chu i hmu ngei ang. I code hmuh kha a danglamna chhan chu Website reng reng hian W3C(World Wide Web Consortium) standard an zawm a ngaih vang a ni. W3C standard ah chuan eng HTML document nge i ziah a, eng HTML language version nge i hman tih te, eng tawngin nge i ziah dawn tih te chipchiar takin i HTML document ah khan i sawifiah ve a ngaih vang a ni.Tunah rih chuan heng W3C standard kan tih hi lo ngaipawimawh lo ta phawt ila, kan HTML document structure neihsa khi sawifiah ta zawk ila.

A chunga code kan ziah tawhah khian code tlem han ziah belh leh teh ang.
Document Hming
<h1>Header tag lian ber chhungah ka awm.</h1>
Paragraph tag chhungah ka awm.

<img src="filepath ka ni e" alt="Thlalak a lan loh chuan ka lang ang" width="ka sei zawng" height="ka san zawng" />
<ul>
<li>Keichu Unordered List chhungah ka awm.</li>
<li>Keipawh Unordered List chhungah ka awm.</li>
</ul>
Ka chungchiahah line break a awm. br tag hnuaiah ka awm e.
<h2>Header tag lian ber dawttu chhungah ka awm.</h2>
<a href="kalna hmun tur">Hmun dang kalna</a>

<hr />
I text editor duh ber ah a chunga code hi copy/paste la, a extension ah ".html" hmangin i duh duh hming save la, i browser ah a result chu i hmu thei ang.

Programming language te leh scripting language te ho ina an function(hnathawh) theihna tura code hman tur bik an neih ang bawk hian HTML chuan code hman tur bik a nei ve a. Chu HTML code-a chu "HTML Markup Tags" kan tih chu a ni. HTML document ah chuan start(or opening) tag leh end( or closing) tag a awm a, a awmzia chu HTML tag i hawn apiang i khar leh tur a ni. Entirnan, <p> khi </p> hmangin a inkhar leh nghal a ni. HTML document i ziah reng rengin hemi tag <html>(start tag) tih leh </html>(end tag) inkarah hian HTML tags dang zawng zawng chu a awm ngei ngei tur a ni a, a pawnah a awm thiang lo a ni. HTML tags te hi HTML elements ti a sawi an ni bawk. A chunga code kan tarlana kan tags hman ho khi han sawifiah ila.

<html></html> :

HTML document kan ziah reng rengin <html> tih hian bul kan tan tur a ni a, he tag(<html>) hian browser hnenah chuan, "HTML document ka ni e", ava tihna a ni. Tichuan, HTML document kan ziah zawh hunah </html> hian kan khar leh tur a ni.

<head></head> :

HTML <head></head> tag chhungah hian i document information chi hrang hrang te leh document dang emaw, file dang, i document nena link-na code dahna hmun a ni.

Entirna:
<script src="link to javascript" type="text/javascript"><!--mce:0--></script>
Hei hian javascript file i document-a i hman tur ava link ang a, mahse i browser ah chuan a lang lo ang.

<title></title>:

HTML <title></title> hi <head></head> chhunga awm tur a ni a, he tags chhungah hian i document hming, browser-in a tihlan tura chu dah tur a ni. Entirnan: "The Page Name" tih hi han dah ta la, browser chuan I document hming chu "The Page Name" a ni tih a hrethei mai dawn a ni. <head></head> tag chhunga tag awm ho zingah chuan <title></title> tag chhunga ziak chauh hi browser ah hmuhtheihin a lo lang ang. I browser-ah khan alo lanna tur chu a chunglama 'Close' button awmna zawnah emaw, I browser-in tabs a support chuan tabs ah khan a rawn lang ang.

<body></body> :

HTML <body></body> inkarah hian i Webpage-a lang tura i duh ho zawng zawng te kha i dah thung ang. <h1>, <p> , <img>, <ul>, <hr>, etc. te khi <body> tag chhunga kan dah avang chauhin i browser ah khan a hmuh theih a ni.

<h1></h1> :

<h1> hi HTML header tags paruk (H1, H2, H3, H4, H5, H6) zinga a hmasa ber, a pawimawh ber leh header tags browser-a rawn lang zingah a text-size lian ber a ni a, Web page hmingah, search engine-in(google search te, bing te etc.) a rawn hmuh theihna tur atan, an hmang tlangpui thin. Header tag chhunga thu i ziah kha i page header emaw, block header tihna a ni. <h2></h2> tags pawh <h1> tag nen a sawifiahna chu inang deuh chiah, <h1> nau chiah tihna a ni ber e.

<p></p> :

Hei hi chu Paragraph tihna mai a ni a, HTML document ah khan thuziak sei tak thun lut tala, paragraph-ah te then duh ta la, i then duh china kha he tag hian i khualkhung mai dawn a ni.

<img />, <a></a>, <script></script> :

Thuziak lampang kan sawi nasa tawh bawk a, thlalak lam han sawi ve thung teh ang. Browser-ah thlalak kan tihlan duh chuan kan HTML document ah khan he <img> tag hmang hian ka dahlut thei a ni. <img> tag hian closing tag(end tag) a nei ve lova, <br> te, <hr> te nen hian "Self-closing tags" tih an ni.

<img> bawk chu han sawi leh lawk ila. Kan code ziah atang khian tags chu ka hre tawh a, mahse <img>, <a> leh <script> chhunga thildang rawn awm khi kan hmu ngeiin a rinawm. HTML tags reng reng chhunga thumal awm te khi a awmna tag tan khian "Attribute" an ni. Attribute chuan a awmna HTML tag tan khan "name" leh "value" a nei zel a, tichuan attribute name leh attribute value tangkawp chuan kha HTML tag hman turin information tangkai dang a pe chhuak a ni. <img> leh <script> tag chhungah attribute name "src" khi "source" tihna mai a ni a, <img> tan thlalak awmna hmun (image path) kha dah mai tur a ni a. "alt" attribute khi chu i thlalak link te kha lo diklo palh ta se, thlalak kha a lang thei dawn lo a, chumi aia text rawn lang mai tur kha a ni. "width" leh "height" te khi chu an hming ang ang khi a nihna chu a ni mai a, browser-a alan huna a size tur i set-na mai a ni.
<img src="C:thlalak.jpg" alt="Thlalak" width="200" height="200" />
<script> tan chuan "src" chhungah khian javascript file awmna hmuna (filepath) kha dah mai tur a ni a, "type" attribute khi chuan i file va link tur MIME type kha a hrilhfiah a ni. MIME (Multi-purpose Internet Mail Extensions) type awmzia chu file chhunga content awm va identify-na tihna mai a ni. Entirnan:
<script src="path_to_js/file.js" type="text/javascript"></script>
HTML document ah chuan he <a> tag hi a lar ber pawl a ni awm e. <a> tag hi chuan i Web Page ah khan click theih turin link a rawn chhawpchhuak a ni. He tag <a> hmandan tur chu <a href="value">Click Me</a> hi a ni mai a. "href" tih hi a attribute name a ni a, a value ah chuan i link duh tur 'filepath' kha dah mai tur a ni.

Entirnan: Tuna kan code ziah lai hi file-a i Save a nih chuan, a bulah file dang han siam leh la, a hming chu engpawh(file_thar.html) lo nita se. Tihian i file siamthar chu i va link ang.
<a href="file_thar.html">File thar ah kal ang</a>

<ul></ul> :

HTML document ah chuan thuziak list anga i lan tir duh chuan <ul><li></li></ul> chhung hian han dah la, list angin a lo awm mai dawn a ni. <ul> hi unordered list tihna a ni a, Microsoft Word te i hmang thin a nih chuan a list style ah Bullets a rawn hmang ang. <ul> ang bawkin <ol> a awm leh a. Chumi chu ordered list tihna a ni ve leh mai a. He ordered list ah ve thung chuan i list a kha list number a rawn pe ve thung ang. I enchhin duh a nih chuan kan example pek a <ul> tih lai leh </ul> te khi <ol> leh </ol> in han thlakthleng la a chiang viau awm e.

<br> :

Microsoft Word te, Pagemaker-ah te chuan i keyboard a "Enter" key i hmeh khan line tharah i kal mai thin a, mahse HTML document ah chuan "Enter" key i hmeh khan awmzia vak a nei dawn lo a, chumi a nih avang chuan i document-a line-spacing siam nan <br>(line-break) tag hi hman thin a ni.

<hr> :

A lampum chu horizontal rule a ni a, HTML document ah straight line siam nan hman thin a ni. He tag i hman apiangin line tharah straight line a rawn lang ang.

A chunga HTML tags(elements) kan sawifiah bakah khian a dang tamtak ala awm teuh a, mahse tuna kan sawitheih chin atan chuan tlem kan tarlante khi tawk rih phawt ta sela. He article i chhiar atang hian hlawkna engemaw tal i hmuh ngei ka beiseiin duhsakna ka hlan a che.

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